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A gray wolf standing in snow.
Photo: Mas3cf, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Gray Wolf

Canis lupus

A social, pack-living predator that was once the most widespread mammal on Earth.

About the Gray Wolf

Gray wolves are usually gray, but can be white, cinnamon or black. They stand about 3 feet tall and are about 5 feet long; males weigh up to 150 pounds and females up to 100. They once lived across North America, Europe, the Middle East and Asia, in forests, tundra, mountains and deserts. Packs work together to hunt elk, bison and deer, and wolves also eat smaller animals and some plants.[1]

Quick facts

Scientific name
Canis lupus[1]
Size
About 3 feet tall and 5 feet long.[1]
Weight
Males up to 150 pounds; females up to 100 pounds.[1]
Lifespan
About 8 years in the wild.[1]
Diet
Mostly elk, bison and deer, plus smaller animals, fish and some plants.[1]
Habitat
Forests, tundra, plains, mountains and deserts.[1]
Where it lives
North America, Europe, the Middle East and Asia.[1]
Group life
Packs of 2 to 12, usually a family.[1]
Babies
Usually 4 to 6 pups.[1]
Conservation status
Least Concern (IUCN Red List, assessed 2025).[2]

Fun facts

  • A gray wolf can eat 20 pounds of meat in one meal.[1]
  • One Alaska wolf pack had 36 members.[1]
  • Gray wolves were once the most widespread mammal on Earth.[1]

Vocabulary

pack
A family group of wolves that live and hunt together.
subspecies
A group within a species that lives in a certain area and looks a little different from other groups.
predator
An animal that hunts other animals for food.
pup
A baby wolf or dog.
crepuscular
Most active at dawn and dusk.

See it in person

These zoos had this animal when we gathered our information, but animals sometimes move. Check the zoo's website or contact the zoo before you visit.

Sources

  1. [1] Oakland Zoo. “Gray Wolf.” https://www.oaklandzoo.org/animals/gray-wolf/ (accessed 2026-10-02)
  2. [2] IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. “Canis lupus (Grey Wolf).” https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/3746/226161232 (accessed 2026-10-02)

Facts last checked 2026-10-02.

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