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A spotted jaguar standing on a log.
Photo: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons

Jaguar

Panthera onca

The largest cat in the Americas, a powerful spotted hunter that loves water and can bite through turtle shells.

About the Jaguar

Jaguars are the only big "roaring" cats in the Americas. They weigh 150 to 300 pounds, with stocky, muscular bodies. Their coats are yellow to reddish-brown with black rosettes, and each rosette has a dot in the middle, unlike a leopard's. They live from Mexico to Argentina, mostly in the Amazon basin, in forests, swamps and grasslands near water.[1]

Quick facts

Scientific name
Panthera onca[1]
Weight
150 to 300 pounds.[1]
Lifespan
11 to 12 years in the wild; 20 to 22 in human care.[1]
Diet
Carnivore. Over 85 kinds of prey, including peccaries, tapirs, deer, caimans and turtles.[1]
Habitat
Rainforests, swamps, grasslands and forests near water.[1]
Where it lives
Mexico to Argentina, mostly the Amazon basin.[1]
Group life
Solitary. Active mostly at dawn and dusk.[1]
Babies
1 to 4 cubs.[1]
Conservation status
Near Threatened (IUCN Red List, assessed 2016).[2]

Fun facts

  • Each jaguar rosette has a spot in the middle.[1]
  • Jaguars can bite through a turtle's shell.[1]
  • Jaguars have lost about half of their historic range.[1]

Vocabulary

rosette
A ring-shaped spot on a cat's fur.
ambush
To hide and wait, then attack by surprise.
Panthera
The group of big cats that can roar, such as lions, tigers and jaguars.
territory
An area an animal lives in and defends.
near threatened
A conservation label meaning a species may soon be at risk of dying out if things don't improve.

See it in person

These zoos had this animal when we gathered our information, but animals sometimes move. Check the zoo's website or contact the zoo before you visit.

Sources

  1. [1] Oakland Zoo. “Jaguar.” https://www.oaklandzoo.org/animals/jaguar/ (accessed 2026-10-02)
  2. [2] IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. “Panthera onca (Jaguar).” https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/15953/123791436 (accessed 2026-10-02)

Facts last checked 2026-10-02.

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